Five graduate students awarded McGovern fellowships

This year, five graduate students have been awarded fellowships made possible by McGovern supporters.

Leah Acker, a fifth year graduate student in the labs of Ed Boyden and Robert Desimone, has been awarded a 2013-14 Friends of the McGovern Fellowship. Leah is focused on understanding the basis of neural dynamics underlying complex behaviors in primate models. She is developing extremely precise optogenetic technologies for observing neural circuits that give rise to high level cognitive functions such as attention. Leah hopes her work will lead to the development of new treatments for brain disorders.

Graduate student Yinqing Li, a member of Feng Zhang‘s lab, has been awarded a Friends of the McGovern Fellowship for his work sequencing the connectome, a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain. Yinqing’s research has involved developing novel technologies for barcoding individual neurons with unique identifiers, and then pooling, amplifying, and preparing individual neurons for next-generation sequencing. His work has the promise to fundamentally change the way systems neuroscientists learn about the connections underlying neural circuit function.

The Mark Gorenberg ’76 Fellowship has been awarded to Leyla Isik, a fourth year graduate student studying with Tomaso Poggio, for her research into the visual system. Bridging neuroscience and computer science, Leyla uses sophisticated computer simulations and magnetoencephalography (MEG) imaging of humans to develop improved computer algorithms for object recognition. Leyla has developed a methodology that enables a machine to identity which image a human subject is looking at on the basis of his or her MEG data, and is currently performing new experiments to understand how humans recognize these images under complex viewing conditions (such as in a cluttered background, or at different positions or viewpoints). Leyla hopes to use these insights to develop a new computational model that simulates how humans develop invariant object recognition

Tatsuo Okubo, a graduate student in Michale Fee‘s lab, is this year’s recipient of the Huburt Schoemaker Fellowship. Tots’ research is focused on understanding the brain circuitry underlying the development of complex learned behaviors. Using young songbirds just learning to sing as a model, Tots is investigating the role of the premotor area HVC in the avian brain, which is analogous to Broca’s area in the human brain. Tots employs sophisticated electrophysiological recording techniques while the bird is singing to observe the process of learning at the level of individual neurons. His goal is to understand how the activity pattern in the premotor area changes during song learning, and he hopes this research will give insight into learning complex behavior in general such as language acquisition in humans.

The Janet and Sheldon (1959) Razin Fellowship has been awarded to Joshua Manning, a graduate student in John Gabrieli‘s Lab. Josh’s goal is to use neuroimaging to understand decision making, risk taking, and sense of reward in the brains of healthy people as well as individuals with psychiatric disorders. He is working with sophisticated computer models, MRI scans, and personality and cognitive data to develop a better sense of the brain basis of psychiatric illnesses. Josh hopes to advance our knowledge of the neurological root of behaviors linked to impatience and impulsivity in individuals with brain disorders such as anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Early Explorations of the Visual Cortex

On October 14, 2011, Nobel laureates David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discussed their early explorations of the visual cortex.

Brain Scan Cover Image: Spring 2013

A bundle of spiny apical dendrites, reconstructed from a series of ultra-thin slices of mouse cortex. Image: Daniel Berger and Sebastian Seung (MIT); based on data from Jeff Lichtman and colleagues (Harvard).

Brains on Trial with Alan Alda

What if we could peer into the brain to determine guilt or innocence? Could advances in neuroscience help reform our criminal justice system?

On Tuesday, September 17th, the McGovern Institute hosted a discussion with a distinguished group of legal and neuroscience experts who debated these and related questions. Alan Alda moderated the panel of experts, showed clips from his 2-part PBS special, “Brains on Trial,” and engaged the audience in a Q&A session.

See below for a photo gallery of the event. All photos courtesy of Justin Knight.

Brains on Trial with Alan Alda

What if we could peer into the brain to determine guilt or innocence? Could advances in neuroscience help reform our criminal justice system?

On Tuesday, September 17th, the McGovern Institute hosted a discussion with a distinguished group of legal and neuroscience experts who debated these and related questions. Alan Alda moderated the panel of experts, showed clips from his 2-part PBS special, “Brains on Trial,” and engaged the audience in a Q&A session.

Feng Zhang named to Popular Science Brilliant 10

Popular Science magazine has named two MIT junior faculty members — Pedro Reis and Feng Zhang — to its 2013 Brilliant 10 list of young stars in science and technology. The list will appear in the magazine’s October issue.

Popular Science prides itself on revealing the innovations and ideas that are laying today’s groundwork for tomorrow’s breakthroughs, and the Brilliant 10 is one of the most exciting ways we do that,” says Jake Ward, editor-in-chief. “This collection of 10 brilliant young researchers is our chance to honor the most promising work — and the most hardworking people — in science and technology today. This year’s winners are particularly distinguished and I’m proud to welcome them all as members of the 2013 Brilliant 10.”

Pedro Reis, the Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, studies the mechanics of slender structures, with a particular focus on devising new ways of turning mechanical failure into functionality.

Over the past few years, Reis, 35, has published a number of eclectic and impactful papers in prominent journals. In 2009 he reported on the delamination of thin films adhered to soft foundations, which is relevant for stretchable electronics. He explained why adhesive films tear into triangular shapes, a problem that applies to both the everyday peeling of adhesive tape from a roll and the manufacturing of tapered graphene nanoribbons. Motivated by the closing of aquatic flowers, he recently discovered a new mechanism for passively pipetting liquids using a petal-shaped object. And last year inspired by a toy, Reis introduced the Buckliball, a new class of structures that uses buckling to provide origami-like folding capabilities to curved structures with potential uses for encapsulation and soft robotics.

In other work undertaken just for fun, Reis and colleagues reported in 2010 that when cats lap fluids (milk or water, for example), they take advantage of a perfect balance between gravity and inertia.

Feng Zhang, 31, is the W.M. Keck Career Development Professor in Biomedical Engineering, an assistant professor in the department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, a member of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and a core member of the Broad Institute. He received the award for his work on genome editing. Earlier this year he reported a powerful new way to make targeted mutations in genomic DNA, based on a bacterial system known as CRISPR. The new method will greatly accelerate the development of animal models of human genetic diseases, and may eventually make it possible to correct genetic mutations in patients. Zhang, a pioneer in optogenetics, has also recently invented a new method for controlling gene expression with light, in which light-sensitive plant proteins are engineered to create an “optical switch” that can turn other genes on or off at will.

This is the 12th annual Brilliant 10 list. Ten MIT researchers were included on previous lists.

Nanodiamonds

The Boyden lab is exploring the use of fluorescent nanodiamonds as a new class of optical probes for neuroscience research. Photo: Justin Knight

Visualizing the Brain

Zeynep Saygin, a postdoc in Nancy Kanwisher’s lab uses a technology known as diffusion-weighted MR imaging to reveal long-range connections in the brain.